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Teen-informed strategies to counter sexual image abuse and sextortion

Coming of age has never been so fraught. Many teens use ‘sexts’ to consensually explore their emerging sexuality. Such engagements are prohibited and teens who sext may experience gender-linked sexual shaming and victimisation, including by adults. Other teens may experience non-consensual online interactions, often categorised as image-based abuse or technology-facilitated sexual violence.

This project gathers teens' perspectives upon and remedies for peer-perpetrated and peer-magnified image-based sexual harassment and abuse. Reports of sextortion, sexualised AI deepfakes and blackmail of teens by adult predators are rising, even as teens worry that reporting such abuse might see them, as victim, accused of creating child exploitation material.

This project aims to develop strategies to overcome, prevent and mitigate image-based abuse. It does this by speaking to young people and developing strategies via art-based methodologies. This project is funded by the Australian Research Council, a government-funded organisation, Project number DP250102379. This research is conducted in conjunction with Professor Jessica Ringrose at University College London (UCL).

We are hoping to recruit teenagers to take part in our research. ‘Teenagers’ include anyone enrolled in secondary school, even if they are twelve. Interviews and focus groups with teenagers will involve discussions on sending explicit messages; peer-on-peer image-based sexual harassment and abuse; sextortion, AI chatbots, companions and AI sexualised deepfakes. These activities will also encourage teens to identify alternative educational, policy and legal settings that might minimise harm to participants and support safe, respectful sexting.

Separately, we are also aiming to recruit parents to participate in focus groups. These focus groups will explore how parents navigate conversations around intimate images, image-based sexual harassment and abuse, sextortion, and AI-informed sexualised deepfakes with their children.

Personnel:

Lelia Green has been researching young peoples’ lives online since 2002 and has significant experience in working with adolescents and their parents, both in Australian and international contexts. Green has authored and co-edited many books on children, young people and digital media, including “Digitising Early Childhood” (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019), “The Routledge Companion to Digital Media and Children” (Routledge, 2021) and “Digital Media Use in Early Childhood: Birth to Six” (Bloomsbury, 2024).

Lelia has been a chief investigator on 2 related Australian Research Council (ARC) Centres of Excellence, 6 related ARC Discovery Grants, including this one, and a recently awarded ARC Linkage Project to craft teen-informed porn literacy materials. She is Professor of Communications in the School of Arts and Humanities at Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia and a Chief Investigator with the ARC Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child.

Debra Dudek is an Associate Professor in the School of Arts and Humanities at Edith Cowan University, Australia. Her research focuses on visual and verbal texts for young people, including television, film, graphic novels, and picture books. She has expertise in teens engagement with and constructions of narrative and is particularly interested in how texts for young people represent social justice issues, including sexuality and sex positivity. A focus on ethics informs her research more generally. She is the author of the monograph The Beloved Does Not Bite: Moral Vampires and the Humans Who Love Them (Routledge, 2017) and is a Co-Director of ECU's Love Studies Research Network.

Professor Jessica Ringrose, PhD (York University, Toronto) (She/Her) is co-Director of the Centre for Sociology of Education and Equity at UCL Institute of Education, London. She is a Canadian Feminist Sociologist who has lived and worked in the UK for 22 years, informing policy and practice across sectors of education, communications, health and justice. Her work promotes children's rights and voice with current funded research looking at adolescence & AI chatbots; the impact of smartphone banning at school & home, and young people's experiences of tech facilitated gender-based violence (including deepfakes, sextortion, non-consensual sexting, image based abuse, misogyny and transphobia).  She has co-produced educational interventions to build better online safety and media literacy, which have reached hundreds of thousands of young people, and are featured by UNESCO Health and Education Resource Centre. Her research was used in the UK Online Safety Act to inform the creation of a new cyberflashing offence. She has collaborated on internationally funded research projects in Canada, USA, Australia, New Zealand, and Sweden and was the co-chair of the International Gender and Education Association from 2015-2020 and she was the recipient of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) Distinguished Contributions to Gender Equity in Education Award in 2020. Her latest book, Teens, Social Media and Image Based Abuse is out now (open access) with Palgrave.

Dr Sian Tomkinson is a research officer in Edith Cowan University's School of Arts and Humanities. Sian’s background is in media and communication, with a focus on game and gender studies. Sian completed her PhD on gender and video games, recently published as the monograph "Video games and gender assemblages: understanding #Gamergate and beyond". Sian is working and has published on projects including why players enjoy certain games and what impact these games have on attitudes and behaviours; how game design can impact communities of play, and online toxicity. Sian is also working on projects about the manosphere and digital intimacy.

Dr Giselle Woodley is a Lecturer/Research Fellow in the School of Arts and Humanities at Edith Cowan University in Australia and is a sexologist with a background in Arts and Media. Giselle explores issues pertaining to sexuality, sexual violence, pornography, sexuality education, intimate communications, AI, image-based abuse, digital censorship and young people. Giselle is particularly interested in the benefits of Relationships and Sexuality Education and real solutions that work in relation to these issues, which ultimately increase individual wellbeing, support healthy relationships, and reduce sexual violence.

Giselle is the Postdoctoral Research Fellow associated with this project and is also a chief investigator on an ARC Linkage project to co-design a pornography literacy education with teens.

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